Spinoza, Theologico-Political Treatise, Continued
The political part of this book is much smaller and less convincing than the theological part. Spinoza tries to outline an entire theory of politics in far too little space. He begins with a Hobbesian state of nature in which everyone has a "right" to do anything: every individual has sovereign right to do all that he can; in other words, the rights of an individual extend to the utmost limits of his power as it has been conditioned. (16:8) Now it is the sovereign law and right of nature that each individual should endeavour to preserve itself as it is, without regard to anything but itself. It seems odd to assign everyone a "right" to do whatever they want. What is the point of such a right? If I have a right to shoot you, and you have a right to shoot me, then it seems to me that rights are pointless. Of course, this is a pre-social setting, so there is no judge to decide rights in any case; but it seems like a more sensible starting point would